Results
Phase I.
The research explores the use of Spirulina-derived complex extracts, rich in both sulfated polysaccharides and proteins, as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of Ag NPs. Among three experimental conditions tested, the extract from biomass grown under a light/dark cycle with zinc acetate supplementation yielded the highest extract quantity and was selected for further work. Ag NPs synthesized using this extract were characterized by TEM and FTIR, confirming their nanoscale structure and effective integration with biomolecules. These Ag NPs were subsequently biofunctionalized by combining with Spirulina-derived protein extracts to enhance biocompatibility. A chemical synthesis route was also used to prepare Ag NPs functionalized with ibuprofen. Structural investigations were conducted using advanced microscopy techniques. The project achieved all its deliverables and objectives, including the development of functional nanosystems and dissemination of results via international conferences and publications.
Phase II.
In this phase, composite coatings based on AgNPs functionalized with Spirulina platensis, with and without IBUP, were successfully developed and investigated. AgNPs were synthesized via chemical reduction and further integrated into bioactive matrices, followed by deposition onto cotton and silicon substrates using MAPLE technique. Structural and compositional analyses (XRD, EDS, FTIR) confirmed the preservation of the crystalline structure of AgNPs and the chemical integrity of the biomolecular components after laser transfer. Morphological investigations (SEM, AFM) revealed homogeneous coatings with reduced surface roughness and high hydrophilicity, favorable for wound dressing applications. Drug release studies demonstrated tunable IBUP release profiles, ranging from sustained to burst-and-maintenance behavior, depending on formulation. Biological evaluations highlighted good cytocompatibility, reduced inflammatory response upon IBUP incorporation, and enhanced antimicrobial activity, particularly for PSS-3-IBUP coatings. Overall, the MAPLE techniques is effective for producing multifunctional bioactive coatings with controlled drug delivery and infection-control potential for advanced wound care applications.
The results of this phase have relevant socio-economic impact by contributing to the development of advanced biofunctional wound dressings with potential to reduce infection rates, accelerate healing, and lower healthcare costs. The use of natural bioresources and MAPLE technology supports sustainable production and future industrial transfer in the medical textiles sector. The project also strengthens cross-border scientific collaboration and supports the training of highly skilled researchers. From a cognitive perspective, this phase generated new interdisciplinary knowledge on structure–property–biological response relationships in bioactive coatings, advancing expertise in biomaterials, laser processing, and controlled drug delivery.